if you walk the footsteps of a stranger you'll learn things you never knew, you never knew: Định Tuyến Tĩnh (static route)

Định tuyến tĩnh là quá trình mà router chuyển 1 gói tin từ địa chỉ nguồn (source) sang địa chỉ đích (destination) trong mạng, để router có thể định tuyến được bạn phải cấu hình bằng tay, thêm các dịa chỉ mạng (network-address) vào bản định tuyến của router.

-Một dạng định tuyến tĩnh thường gặp là default-route, thường dùng cho stub-network khi cấu hình cho router ra internet.

Câu lệnh:

IP ROUTE <network destination and subnet mask > <outgoing interface or remote router>

network destination and subnet mask – specifies a range of IP addresses.
remote router – IP address of the router used to reach that network.
outgoing interface – outgoing interface the packet should go out to reach the destination network.

Xây dựng đồ hình.

Yêu cầu, PC1 ping thông đến PC2

Cấu hình router R1,

-----Ip cho interface f0/0

R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 20.20.0.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut

----ip cho interface f1/0

R1(config-if)#int f1/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut

---Thêm route đến mạng 10.10.0.0

R1(config)#ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
R1(config)#do wr

Cấu hình router R2,

-------ip trên interface f0/0

R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut

------ip trên interface f1/0

R2(config-if)#int f1/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

-----Thêm route đến mạng 20.20.0.0

R2(config)#ip route 20.20.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2

R2(config)#do wr

Trên PC1, và PC2 đặt IP

PC-1> ip 10.10.0.2/24 10.10.0.1

PC-1> save

PC-2> ip 20.20.0.2/24 20.20.0.1

PC-2> save

Kiểm tra bảng định tuyến

R1#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 10.10.0.0 [1/0] via 192.168.0.1
20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 20.20.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 20.20.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.0.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

L 192.168.0.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

R2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.10.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 10.10.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 20.20.0.0 [1/0] via 192.168.0.2
192.168.0.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L 192.168.0.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

Kiểm tra ping giữa PC1 và PC2

PC-1> ping 20.20.0.2

84 bytes from 20.20.0.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=29.001 ms

84 bytes from 20.20.0.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=29.001 ms

84 bytes from 20.20.0.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=29.001 ms

84 bytes from 20.20.0.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=29.002 ms

84 bytes from 20.20.0.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=62 time=29.002 ms

PC-2> ping 10.10.0.2

84 bytes from 10.10.0.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=23.001 ms

84 bytes from 10.10.0.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=29.002 ms

84 bytes from 10.10.0.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=29.002 ms

84 bytes from 10.10.0.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=29.002 ms

84 bytes from 10.10.0.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=62 time=29.002 ms

Ta có thể debug bằng câu lệnh debug ip packet

R2#debug ip packet

IP packet debugging is on

R2#ping 10.10.0.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/12 ms

*Dec 24 09:26:47.767: IP: tableid=0, s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), routed via FIB

*Dec 24 09:26:47.767: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), le n 100, sending

*Dec 24 09:26:47.767: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), le n 100, sending full packet

*Dec 24 09:26:47.771: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, input feature, MCI Check(92), rtype 0, forus FALSE, sendself FALSE, mtu 0, fwdchk FALSE

*Dec 24 09:26:47.771: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, rcvd 2

*Dec 24 09:26:47.775: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, stop process pak for forus packet

*Dec 24 09:26:47.775: IP: tableid=0, s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), routed via FIB

*Dec 24 09:26:47.775: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), len 100, sending

*Dec 24 09:26:47.775: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), le n 100, sending full packet

*Dec 24 09

:26:47.783: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, input feature, MCI Check(92), rtype 0, forus FALSE, sendself FALSE, mtu 0, fwdchk FALSE

*Dec 24 09:26:47.783: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, rcvd 2

*Dec 24 09:26:47.783: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, stop process pak for forus packet

*Dec 24 09:26:47.783: IP: tableid=0, s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), routed via FIB

*Dec 24 09:26:47.783: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), len 100, sending

*Dec 24 09:26:47.783: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), len 100, sending full packet

*Dec 24 09:26:47.791: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, input feature, MCI Check(92), rtype 0, forus FALSE, sendself FALSE, mtu 0, fwdchk FALSE

*Dec 24 09:26:47.791: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, rcvd 2

*Dec 24 09:26:47.791: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, stop process pak for forus packet

*Dec 24 09:26:47.791: IP: tableid=0, s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), routed via FIB

*Dec 24 09:26:47.795: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), len 100, sending

*Dec 24 09:26:47.795: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), le n 100, sending full packet

*Dec 24 09:26:47.803: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, input feature, MCI Check(92), rtype 0, forus FALSE, sendself FALSE, mtu 0, fwdchk FALSE

*Dec 24 09:26:47.803: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, rcvd 2

*Dec 24 09:26:47.803: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, stop process pak for forus packet

*Dec 24 09:26:47.803: IP: tableid=0, s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), routed via FIB

*Dec 24 09:26:47.803: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), len 100, sending

*Dec 24 09:26:47.803: IP: s=10.10.0.1 (local), d=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), len100, sending full packet

*Dec 24 09:26:47.811: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, ipe 0, forus FALSE, sendself FALSE, mtu 0, fwdchk FALSE*Dec 24 09:26:47.811: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, r*Dec 24 09:26:47.811: IP: s=10.10.0.2 (FastEthernet0/0), d=10.10.0.1, len 100, s

if you walk the footsteps of a stranger you'll learn things you never knew, you never knew

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12/24/18

Định Tuyến Tĩnh (static route)

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